This article responds to Dominelli’s contribution by mapping three lines of discussion. The first relates to the issue of how to understand voluntary work with regard to the realization of citizenship. The authors argue that this understanding depends on the way citizenship is conceived. Whereas a rights-based conception of citizenship focuses on issues of equal access to voluntary work, a duty-oriented notion of citizenship tends to see voluntarism as embedded in an educational strategy, alongside professionalized social work. The authors plead (...) for an alternative understanding of voluntary work and social work as joined partners in practices of ‘learning democracy’. The second line of discussion revolves around the relation between social and political dimensions of citizenship. With Dominelli, the authors point out how the obscuring of the political dimension risks to nurture societal discourses that put pressure on the welfare state. The third point relates to the difficulties in positioning voluntary work with regard to professional social work. One of these difficulties is the tendency to over-romanticize voluntary work as warm, informal, generous, while giving an exclusively technical reading of social work professionalization. (shrink)

The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) is presented and understood as the primary reference point regarding questions of children’s rights. However, the UNCRC is not a neutral instrument deployed to meet the rights of children: it embodies a specific perception of the child, childhood and citizenship. The interpretation of the UNCRC from the point of view of children’s legal status emphasises the autonomy of children; the focus is on the rights that children possess. Conversely, the (...) social-political interpretation of the UNCRC addresses the question of how the rights of children can be realised. It is suggested that distinguishing between these interpretations is essential with regard to questions of pedagogy and education. (shrink)

Razón, poesía, historia.--La cuestión del estoicismo español.--El querer.

Since the early 1980’s, with the clinical advent of in vitro fertilization resulting in so-called “test tube babies,” a wide array of ethical considerations and concerns regarding artificial womb technology (AWT) have been described. Recent breakthroughs in the development of extracorporeal neonatal life support by means of AWT have reinitiated ethical interest about this topic with a sense of urgency. Most of the recent ethical literature on the topic, however, pertains not to the more imminent scenario of a physiologically improved (...) method of neonatal care through AWT, but instead to the remote scenario of “complete ectogenesis” that imagines human gestation occurring entirely outside of the womb. This scoping review of the ethical literature on AWT spans from more abstract concerns about complete ectogenesis to more immediate concerns about the soon-to-be-expected clinical life support of what we term the fetal neonate or fetonate. Within an organizing framework of different stages of human gestational development, from conception to the viable premature infant, we discuss both already identified and newly emerging ethical considerations and concerns regarding AWT and the care of the fetonate. (shrink)

Com este trabalho, buscamos refletir e problematizar, numa perspectiva bakhtiniana, e tendo como foco um estudo de caso, como se dá o letramento em língua inglesa, a partir da análise de textos escritos por meio de diários crítico-reflexivos dialogados entre o professor e um licenciando de primeiro período de um Curso de Letras. O diário crítico-reflexivo dialogado é concebido como uma forma de interação verbal entre o professor formador e o professor em-formação, elaborado por este ao final de cada aula. (...) O conteúdo deste diário se refere a uma descrição interpretativa em que o professor em-formação vai descrever, interpretar e relacionar como está vivendo o processo de interação verbal em seus estudos em língua inglesa. Nesse sentido, abordamos noções da arquitetura bakhtiniana, as quais hipotetizamos serem fundadoras desta prática pedagógica em estudo, discutimos analiticamente como o diário crítico-reflexivo, como prática de letramento, pode incidir na formação do (futuro) professor de língua inglesa e, finalmente, relacionamos o referencial teórico bakhtiniano com esta prática dialógica de linguagem traduzida em aspectos metodológicos da/na formação do professor de línguas na universidade. (shrink)

Our team at the Centre for Clinical Ethics has long been engaged in internal discussion about the purpose and value of ethics debriefs and their purported role in reducing moral distress (Morley an...

The Hague: the 'village' with court and government -- Dordrecht: the privileged city -- Haarlem: the frontier city of sand and wood -- Delft: the clean city -- Leiden: the old textile city with a new university -- Amsterdam: the city of wise merchants -- Utrecht: the bishop's city.

Bluhm et al.’s (2023) qualitative study on psychiatric electroceutical interventions describes several types and characteristics of invasiveness identified by psychiatrists and people living with a...

El presente trabajo se propone analizar las formas de autogestión corporal, entendidas como producción de demarcaciones corporales y simbólicas, que sostienen las mujeres trabajadoras sexuales en relación a sus clientes, problematizando la noción de “venta del cuerpo” como argumento científico y político para justificar el gobierno del cuerpo de las mujeres. Es así que, a través de un enfoque etnográfico con reflexividad, que privilegia el discurso de las protagonistas, prestaremos especial atención a la creación de las nociones de herramienta de (...) trabajo, prestación de servicios sexuales y selección de los clientes como maneras precisas de regular las formas de involucramiento del yo y la intimidad en el intercambio de sexo por dinero. Esto implica echar luz sobre los procesos de aprendizaje sobre cómo lidiar cotidianamente con las relaciones del mundo de la prostitución, entendiendo que la autogestión corporal de demarcaciones, fronteras, familiaridades y jerarquías es parte constitutiva de las relaciones monetarias en el mundo contemporáneo. En este sentido, buscaremos hacer una contribución a la relación fructífera entre estudios del cuerpo y de las sexualidades y la sociología y antropología económicas. (shrink)

Hasta mediado s del siglo pasado, el tema que nos ocupa, la presencia de Cristo en los sacramentos, se resumía y concentraba, po r no deci r que se agotaba, en la presencia real eucanstica. O sea el concept o 'presencia' de Cristo se reservaba en la practica únicamente para su realización máxima en la Eucaristía; era la presencia real somática la que absorbía cualquier otra forma de presencia sacramental, que en todo caso quedaba en la sombra. Subrayo lo de (...) presencia sacramental, porque obviamente la presencia divina llenándolo todo, abarcando el cosmo s y la historia, no era desconocida Po r lo que a mi se m e alcanza, la primera vez que en un documento eclesiástico se hace explícita referencia a la presencia de Cristo en los sacramentos es precisamente en la única encíclica enteramente consagrada a la liturgia que hasta hoy conocemos : la Mediator Dei promulgada por Pío XII el 20 de noviembre de 1947. La doctrina aquí propuesta ha tenido tal aceptación o recepción que pertenece ya, podríamos decir, al tesoro de la Tradición. (shrink)

The goal of this research is to know and compare the emotions and reactions to confinement due to the COVID-19 pandemic in children and adolescents with high abilities and community samples. This is a mixed study with an exploratory reach that is descriptive, and which combines survey and qualitative methodologies to examine the emotions and reactions to confinement experiences of children and adolescents aged between 5 and 14 years. An online poll was designed with 46 questions, grouped into three sections: (...) General Data, Reactions to the health contingencies of COVID-19, and Positive and negative emotions. This last section was included the Oros’ positive emotions questionnaire and the scales of the negative effect of the PANAS Schedule positive and negative affect on children and adolescents between 8 and 14 years old. Data were collected online with a convenience sample. Quantitative data were analyzed with the SPSS statistics program and qualitative data with Alceste software. Among the main findings is the fact that there are no significant differences between the groups by ability in terms of reactions and emotions; however, there are differences between age groups and sex. The study discusses the implications for educational intervention in situations like the current pandemic. (shrink)

Hace unas décadas la filosofía de la cienciaera una disciplina centrada en estudioslógico-lingüísticos y basada en la distinciónentre contexto de justificación y contextode descubrimiento. Sin embargo, hoysabemos que la ciencia es acción humana,por lo que la filosofía de la ciencia tambiénes práctica. De ahí que hoy en día no hayaseparación entre razón teórica y razónpráctica. Un ejemplo de ello es elfalibilismo y la razonabilidad en la filosofíade la ciencia y en la hermenéutica filosófica.Tradicionalmente se ha visto al falibilismocomo una metodología (...) exclusiva de lafilosofía de la ciencia teórica y se ha pensadoque la razonabilidad se refiere a la moral yla política, que son cuestiones de la razónpráctica. Sin embargo, tanto en la filosofíade la ciencia como en la hermenéuticafilosófica, el falibilismo y la razonabilidadse hallan estrechamente relacionados, porlo que no habría separación en dichasdisciplinas en un sentido teórico y práctico.A fin de mostrar lo anterior, presentamoscuatro secciones: en la primera,mostraremos las principales críticas a laseparación entre razón teórica y razónpráctica; en la dos siguientes, abordaremosel falibilismo y la razonabilidad en lafilosofía de la ciencia y en la hermenéuticafilosófica; en la última, trataremos elcarácter predictivo de la razonabilidad enambas disciplinas.A few decades ago, philosophy of sciencewas focused in logical and linguistic studiesand based in the distinction between context of discovery and context of justification. Nowadays we know that science is human action, hence philosophy of science has a practical side that prevents a sharp separation between theoretical and practical reason. Fallibilism and reasonability in philosophy of science and hermeneuticsare an example of such a view. Fallibilism has been considered as amethodology of exclusive use in philosophyof science, while reasonability has been considered as referring to morals and politics which belong to practical reason.However,both in philosophy of science as in hermeneutics fallibilism and reasonability are closely related, hence there is no separation between both disciplines. To illustrate this, I will proceed in four parts.Inthe first one, I discuss the main criticisms to the separation between theoretical and practical reason; in parts two and three, I will consider fallibilism and reasonability in the philosophy of science and the practical reason. In the last part, I will discuss the predictive character of reasonability in both disciplines. (shrink)

Knowledge production is not free of political connotations. The researcher defines and moulds the research situation in which she will be gathering the data. Simultaneously, she will be also condit...

El antropocentrismo determina nuestra percepción sobre el mundo y nuestra relación con él, teniendo un efecto material en tanto que impregna nuestros discursos, pensamiento, sensibilidades y prácticas. Este artículo trata de explorar cómo una reformulación ontológica que busque salir de los presupuestos antropocéntricos puede suponer un cambio material efectivo en nuestra percepción, generando cambios en nuestras sensibilidades y disponibilidades. Comprender los límites ontológicos desde el dinamismo y como zona de contacto nos permite acceder o materializar otro tipo de realidades aún (...) por conocer. Poniendo en juego algunas ideas de Donna Haraway, Bruno Latour, Karen Barad y Alfred Whitehead se busca un desarrollo conceptual y una reformulación ontológica como un intento de comprendernos en un mundo más-que-humano. (shrink)

A lo largo de los siglos XVII y XVIII se desarrollaron sucesivas reformulaciones del contrato social a partir de la propuesta hobbesiana, categorizadas hoy en día bajo el rótulo de contractualismo clásico. Dentro de tales propuestas se sostiene que fue con Rousseau con quien el contrato social alcanzó su momento de plena madurez, racionalizándose y profundizándose sus consecuencias democráticas. Así pues, el contrato social es —dentro de la filosofía política— el elemento más significativo para sustentar la teoría del Estado moderno. (...) Sin embargo, una importante consecuencia de dicha teorización es el hecho de que el naciente Estado moderno detente para sí el monopolio de la violencia. Así pues, es posible que un obscuro trasfondo de violencia se oculte tras la formulación contractualista. El artículo que sigue pretende desarrollar un análisis de la teoría del contrato social, particularmente en la formulación de Rousseau, a partir de la teoría mimética de René Girard, con el objetivo de encontrar en su obra más representativa El contrato social, rastros de la violencia mimética y el mecanismo de chivo expiatorio planteados en la teoría girardiana. (shrink)

El objetivo de esta investigación, desarrollada en el contexto de educación virtual, fue mejorar las competencias investigativas de estudiantes universitarios. Este estudio cualitativo y de diseño investigación-acción se basó en un diagnóstico inicial con el que se identificó plagio académico, además de una autopercepción de nivel medio o bajo respecto de las habilidades investigativas de los alumnos. Durante la ejecución de las estrategias diseñadas, se aplicaron las técnicas de focus group y análisis documental de los ensayos estudiantiles. Se concluyó la (...) efectividad de las estrategias en la mejora de las competencias básicas, de búsqueda y análisis de información, y actitudinales. (shrink)

In this text we present reflections on the challenges of school education, especially Environmental Education, for students in the current basic school in view of the impasses that persist in the teaching profession and the construction of scientific knowledge. The assumptions we make are based on the perspective of historical-cultural psychology developed by Vigotsky and scholars in this field of knowledge. We go through the situation that has marked the Brazilian educational context, and in the end we present the suggestion (...) of insertion of socioenvironmental training in school work as one of the possibilities for the transformation and emancipation of the educational and social practices. We understand that environmental education based on critical aspects such as presented by Marxist psychology favors the increase in teaching work, through the insertion of dilemmas and emerging issues, usually unrelated or superficially worked, in curricula and in current school practices. (shrink)

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion.

Nesse ensaio, vou analisar o que denomino de rupturas do Estado de Direito no caso do Brasil pós-2016. Meu objetivo não é examinar detalhadamente a concepção de Estado nos vários autores, mas utilizar alguns conceitos que nos permitam lançar luz sobre o que ocorreu no Brasil Inicialmente, vou apresentar a ideia do Estado de direito tal como Kant a define. A partir dessa concepção ampla, analisarei a ideia de estado de exceção, baseada em Agambem. Mostrarei igualmente a sugestão de Rafael (...) Valim de que vivemos no Brasil num período de vários estados de exceção, caracterizado por áreas do direito onde é mantida a normalidade e áreas onde não há respeito à Constituição. Num terceiro momento, tentarei identificar alguns momentos de ruptura do estado de direito brasileiro, com ênfase no processo ocorrido na UFSC, que levou o Reitor ao suicídio, e na prisão do Presidente Lula. Por fim, mostrarei que as rupturas do nosso estado de direito derivam, não de leis de exceção, mas da perversão dos processos legais com propósito político. (shrink)

Desde un enfoque neuropsicológico, este estudio busca describir las operaciones cognitivas aplicadas durante la lectura. Este es un estudio de caso mixto, orientado a una muestra de 200 estudiantes de Enfermería. Para el recojo de información, se aplicó una prueba y un cuestionario de autopercepción lectora a los estudiantes; así como una guía de entrevista semiestructurada, dirigida a docentes. Entre los resultados, destaca que la velocidad lectora, la memoria y la atención impactan en el acto lector, además de las emociones (...) y los saberes previos. En conclusión, las operaciones cognitivas se vinculan directamente con los procesos asociados a la lectura. (shrink)

John Locke's account of personal identity is one of his most discussed theories. Opposing the Cartesian ontology of mind, Locke argued that the soul does not always think - for thinking is simply one of its operations, but not its essence -, and that personal identity consists in consciousness alone. Against Locke, an anonymous commentator published the Remarks upon an Essay concerning Humane Understanding charging Locke's view with possible immorality. Catharine Cockburn rebuffed the Remarker's objections, in her Defence of Mr. (...) Locke's Essay, depicting his view as more dangerous for morality than Locke's. This paper shifts the focus from Cockburn's defence of Locke's moral thought, to her apology for his theory of personal identity, including his probabilistic arguments in favour of the immortality of the soul. This shift of focus yields an alternative account of Cockburn's originality: first, because she offered a non-substance interpretation of Locke's theory of personal identity, that, for its time, was unusual, and remains relevant for contemporary philosophical debates over Locke; and second, because, following Kristeller, in the very act of defending and articulating anew Locke's theory, Cockburn in some sense appropriated it. (shrink)